Sculptor, set designer, and Kinetic artist. He studied art at Wismar and at the Berlin-Weissensse Academy from 1949 to 1953. His first work was social-realist in style. Until 1957 he attended the Düsseldorf Academy and during those years he started painting using relief elements. In 1957 he simplifed his palette to black, red, or white, and his work comprised patterns of dots or horizontal and vertical lines scattered across the surface of the painting. The year 1957 also marked the production of the artist’s first nail relief. This was the first stage of his experimentation with relief, which would later lead him to apply other objects on the surface of the painting, such as corks or cardboard tubes. The nail-covered surface became the antithesis of a painted surface, allowing the artist to explore light arrangement via the shadows created by the nails. From 1960 onward, the artist, who had hitherto been arranging nails on the surface of the canvas according to regularized mathematical sequences, introduced organic patterns and structures to his work and created his first disc-shaped rotating sculptures and light boxes. undefined

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