Joseph Rudyard Kipling (1865­–1936), was an author, poet, natural scientist and journalist. His reputation was somewhat tarnished over the course of the twentieth century due to the strongly patriotic, jingoistic and idealistic nature of his work. Author of The Jungle Book, he was born in India and wrote extensively on life in the colonies during the Victorian era. He also wholeheartedly wrote in support of the First World War, but lost his son John in fighting in 1916. Unlike others of his generation he acknowledged a change in his opinion of the conflict, reflected in the lines: ‘If any question why we died / Tell them, because our fathers lied. [https://artuk.org/discover/stories/violet-manners-aristocrat-and-portraitist-to-the-souls/#]